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Living with diabetes means drastically changing your lifestyle. That’s quite a thought to consider, but one that thousands of Americans deal with every day. Whether you’re a type 1 diabetic — meaning your body doesn’t produce insulin — or a type 2 diabetic who may or may not use insulin but needs to control your diet, weight and lifestyle choices to maintain your glucose levels, exercising is a vital part of diabetic control. 

Watch Your Diet When Exercising With Diabetes

Adrenaline often raises your blood sugar, especially if you eat refined carbohydrates before or during a workout. As a person with diabetes, you must pay attention to the exercises you do — competitive sports, heavy lifting and sprints produce stress hormones like adrenaline, which get your liver and pancreas working to raise the glucose levels in your blood. 

So, must I stop playing sports? No, you can continue achieving your sporting goals, but you’ve got to be more careful when doing so. For example, carbo-loading before an event is still possible, although you should cut back on your pizza, pasta, white bread and white rice intake in favor of vegetables, whole grain products and fruit. Leave out the refined carbohydrates and replace them with complex carbs that have high levels of nutrients and fiber.

A single day of carbo-loading before a sports event of 90 minutes or more should be sufficient in order to maintain your glucose levels. If you’re working out, there’s no need to eat any carbs, bad fats or sugary products before or during your gym session. In fact, with diabetes, you should try and avoid these at any time. 

The best dietary gauge you have is to pay attention to your diabetic symptoms in conjunction with your regular blood glucose checks over time — if you’re not urinating as often, feeling more awake and alive and your skin condition is improving, you’re likely on the right track with your exercise diet. 

What Can I Do to Prepare for Exercising With Diabetes?

By all means, if you’re aware of how some exercises raise your blood glucose, go ahead and do them, but maintain a good check on your sugar levels until you know how well those exercises are counteracting your rise in glucose. If you’re unhappy to risk a rise in glucose, consider the following for your workout:

• Circuit weight training with high repetitions using light weights.
• Eat yogurt, peanut butter or nuts before or during your workouts.
• Move your workout session to later in the day to counteract your body’s natural blood glucose rise in the mornings.
• Minimize the rise in your adrenaline by meditating, visualizing and pacing your breathing before and during your gym session.
• Ask your doctor to adjust your short-acting diabetic medication intake before your workout sessions.

The Best Exercises for Diabetics

Whatever exercise you do, you must become familiar with how your blood glucose reacts during and after the session. While adrenaline-raising exercises can increase your body’s sugar levels, the after-effect of physical activity can do the exact opposite for 24 hours or more, so check your glucose levels often when you start new exercise regimens. Your body can become more sensitive to insulin after exercise, so you want to avoid hypoglycemia — very low blood glucose — at all costs. 

When you start exercising with diabetes, several exercise types can help you ease into a level of fitness that will allow for less extreme blood glucose and insulin adjustments and, ultimately, a more balanced body as your physical health improves.

1. Walking

You can walk anywhere. You don’t have to be a gym member or buy costly equipment to do so — with a secure environment and a decent pair of shoes, you can begin walking today. Taking a brisk 30-minute walk every day, especially after meals, can healthily lower your insulin intolerance levels, blood pressure and body mass index. After walking daily for some time, you should find that maintaining your A1c test levels at 7% or below will be easier. 

2. Cycling 

Cycling is a low-impact form of exercise. While the link between diabetes and various forms of arthritis seems tenuous at face value, there is evidence that upward of 50% of people with diabetes could become afflicted with osteoarthritis, while those with rheumatoid arthritis run a higher risk of acquiring type 2 diabetes. Cycling’s low-impact exercise, when done regularly, is excellent for alleviating arthritic pain while also improving your body’s cardiovascular function.

3. Water Exercise

Exercising in water, whether through swimming, aqua jogging or water aerobics, can improve your aerobic fitness, strength and vascular health while reducing your joint stress. According to a 2020 study, even three one-hour sessions of upright water-based exercise in the pool per week for eight weeks resulted in effective fitness improvements for subjects with type 2 diabetes.

4. Resistance Band Activities

While heavy weight lifting effectively improves your strength levels, there remains a risk that you could cause a rise in your blood glucose levels. The risks remain with resistance band exercises, but the lower impact is more akin to high repetition using lighter weights — altogether not as adrenaline-charging heavy lifting activity. Using resistance bands works your muscles but also allows for closer management of your glucose levels.

5. Calisthenics

The art of calisthenics means using your own weight to boost your muscle strength. With calisthenics, there’s no need to pay for costly weights or resistance bands — you can do the exercises in the privacy of your own home and you get to work your entire body as you choose. From abdominal crunches to squats and pullups to situps, pushups and lunges, you can target every muscle group. Try to vary the exercises you do and take a day off between your strength sessions. 

6. Mindfulness Techniques

While the above exercises target your body’s health and fitness, you should always remember how your improved mental health can positively impact your diabetes. Exercises like yoga involve using physical postures, breathing regulation, and concentration to relax your body and mind. Qigong uses movement, meditation and breathing control as forms of stress relief, and mindfulness-based meditation techniques also relieve stress. All of these assist with improved sleep, weight control and lowering blood pressure — all essential in improving blood glucose levels.

Exercising the Right Way With Diabetes

Diabetes affects millions of people across the United States, and as a result, there are numerous experts with differing opinions on diabetic lifestyle changes, exercise and dietary requirements. The diabetic condition should not dictate to you — you should dictate its impact by making the best choices for your body by amending your lifestyle, diet and exercise routines in necessary ways to achieve the most positive results.