If you have been told that you have high triglycerides, you might be wondering what they are, why they matter, and what you should do. Understanding triglycerides is an important factor in maintaining good heart health and high triglyceride levels are a serious risk factor for many conditions. Fortunately, there are easy ways to lower triglycerides naturally.
What Are Triglycerides?
Triglycerides are lipids — a type of fat. When you eat, your body doesn’t typically use all of the calories at once. The excess calories are stored as triglycerides, enabling your body to use this energy later. These lipids are therefore a vital source of energy for the body, and the most common type of fat found in the body. They are essential for a wide variety of bodily functions.
What Is the Difference Between Triglycerides and Cholesterol?
While both triglycerides and cholesterol are lipids, they serve different purposes and have different characteristics. Cholesterol is a waxy substance produced by your liver. While triglycerides function primarily as energy storage, cholesterol is used to make cell membranes, some hormones and vitamin D.
You have probably heard of “good” cholesterol (HDL) and “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and you probably know to keep your LDL levels under control. However, while high LDL and high triglycerides often occur together, they are considered separate risk factors. It is possible to have high LDL and low triglycerides, and vice versa.
What Are the Risks of High Triglycerides?
Evidence shows that high triglycerides are linked to a number of health risks, including:
Coronary heart disease
Vascular disease
Heart attacks
Strokes
7 Proven Ways to Lower Your Triglycerides
Your doctor will typically advise you to try proven dietary and lifestyle adjustments first, resorting to medication only if these measures don’t help. So, how can you lower triglycerides naturally? There are a number of foods that lower triglycerides and some lifestyle changes are important too. Here are some ways to get started — and these measures will also improve your overall heart health.
1. Watch Your Sugar Intake
Sugar occurs naturally in numerous ways in your diet — for example, fructose in fruit or lactose in milk. However, most people consume much more sugar than they need, and this sugar is then converted into triglycerides for storage.
Check food labels to see how much sugar food contains, switch to low-sugar alternatives and avoid adding extra sugar to your diet, such as putting sugar in your coffee. The American Heart Association recommends adding no more than six teaspoons of sugar a day for women and nine for men.
2. Choose Healthy Fats
Your body needs fat to function, but some fats are healthier than others, especially for your heart. Try to limit your fat intake and choose polyunsaturated fats for cooking where possible, such as:
Corn oil
Soybean oil
Safflower oil
Sunflower oil
Olive oil
Many of these oils are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to help lower triglycerides.
3. Eat More Fish and Less Red Meat
Oily fish, such as salmon, sardines, mackerel, cod, herring, tuna, and trout, are also high in omega-3, and eating at least two servings a week can improve your overall heart health and bring down triglycerides. By contrast, foods high in saturated fat — like red meat — are also high in triglycerides, so by replacing these with fish, you are taking an important step.
4. Eat Your Veggies, Seeds and Nuts
Vegetables, seeds, nuts and grains are also excellent foods that lower triglycerides. Choose low-fructose vegetables, such as:
Green beans
Eggplant
Spinach
Kale
Bok choy
Zucchini
Carrots
Parsnips
Brocccoli
Cauliflower
Squash
Whole grains such as wholemeal bread, brown rice, quinoa and buckwheat are also proven to lower triglycerides, as are flaxseeds, walnuts, almonds, pecans, cashews, sunflower seeds and other types of nuts and seeds, which are typically high in omega-3 fatty acids. However, nuts and seeds can be high in fat, so enjoy them in moderation.
5. Lose Excess Weight
Away from dietary changes, the single biggest thing you can do to lower your triglycerides is to shed any extra weight you are carrying. This is because losing weight decreases the amount of fat your body is storing, and triglycerides are the main fat storage mechanism. Reaching a healthy weight can put triglyceride levels back into a normal range and even losing just 5% of your weight will help.
6. Get Regular Exercise
Exercise contributes to weight control, of course, but that’s not the only reason you should get your body moving if you want to lower your triglycerides. When you exercise, your muscles burn energy — and guess what they use for fuel? Exercise, therefore, leads to a decrease in triglycerides in your bloodstream.
Exercise can also reduce triglyceride production in your liver, further reducing your overall levels. Aim for 20-30 minutes of aerobic activity for five days a week. As an added bonus, this should also cause your levels of “good” cholesterol, HDL, to rise.
7. Limit Alcohol Consumption and Quit Smoking
Alcohol contains a lot of sugar and calories that your body doesn’t need, so alcohol consumption contributes to high triglyceride levels, among other health issues.
Smoking disrupts lipid metabolism and causes an imbalance in your bloodstream, increasing triglycerides while decreasing “good” cholesterol.
Can Supplements Help Lower Triglycerides?
Yes, studies have shown how a number of supplements and vitamins can potentially reduce triglyceride levels.
Fish oil: As mentioned, fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids that are known to assist with good heart health.
Vitamin D: A recent study found that Vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve triglyceride levels in people with type 2 diabetes. A previous study in 2019 found this in the general population, too, although the mechanism for this is not yet widely understood.
Curcumin: A study in 2017 found that this compound, found in turmeric, significantly reduced triglyceride levels as well as LDL, the “bad” cholesterol.
Niacin: This B vitamin has been used to lower triglycerides, but it doesn’t work for everyone and can cause side effects in high doses, so speak to your doctor about whether it is right for you.
Fenugreek: A review in 2020 concluded that fenugreek was effective at lowering lipid levels, including triglycerides. However, the studies used in the review were small, so more research is needed in this area.
Consult your doctor or healthcare professional before starting any supplements, especially if you have other health conditions or are taking any medication.
How to Lower Triglycerides and Improve Heart Health
Reducing your triglyceride levels starts with the dietary and lifestyle changes outlined above. By understanding what triglycerides are and how they function, you can make healthier eating choices that should help your levels come down.
All of these choices are good for your overall health, too, so consider lowering triglycerides as part of an overall health improvement effort. By making conscious decisions about what you eat and how you exercise your body, you will see results fast and protect yourself against future health problems.